Gonorrhea
Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
In the US nearly 1.6 million new gonorrhea infections occur each year, making gonorrhea the second most commonly reported sexually transmitted infection. It is a bacterial infection that can grow in the genital tracts, mouth, throat, eyes and anus. Many people—especially women—do not experience symptoms, so regular testing and early treatment are important. The first symptoms usually appear within 10 days after exposure, but some people may be infected for months before signs emerge. Women are often asymptomatic until complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease occur, which can lead to infertility or ectopic pregnancy.
Symptoms
In men, symptoms may include:
- •Thick, cloudy or bloody discharge from the penis
- •Pain when urinating or swollen testicles
In women, symptoms may include:
- •Pain or burning sensation when urinating
- •Heavy menstrual bleeding or bleeding between periods
- •Pain during sex
Maternal and Newborn Health Risks
- •Miscarriage
- •Preterm labor
- •Premature membrane rupture
- •Low birth weight and eye infections in the newborn
Treatment
Gonorrhea may be cured with appropriate antibiotics. Follow‑up testing 7–14 days after treatment is recommended to ensure the infection was treated successfully because the bacteria is developing resistance; sexual partners should also be tested and treated about three months after the initial treatment to prevent re‑infection.
Prevention
Practicing safer sex by using condoms correctly and consistently during oral, anal and vaginal sex and getting tested regularly for gonorrhea and other STIs—especially for people with multiple partners—helps prevent infection.
Sources
- Written by Love Hurts, Inc. and Kecia Gaither, MD (March 31, 2024)
- CDC: “Gonorrhea -- CDC Fact Sheet”
- Mayo Clinic: “Gonorrhea”
- WebMD: “Gonorrhea”
Ready to love smarter?
100% anonymous • Always free
