Hepatitis B
Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and is transmitted through contact with infected blood or other bodily fluids. A vaccine protects against HBV. Infection can be acute or chronic and can lead to serious health problems including liver disease, cirrhosis, liver failure, liver cancer and death.
Statistics
According to the CDC, there were 14,000 estimated acute hepatitis B infections during 2020 and has stayed consistent since, the stable rate suggests continued vigilance is needed. The number of people who gets this disease is down by 32% after 2019. This decrease may be related to people getting tested for hepatitis B during COVID-19 pandemic.
Symptoms
- •Fatigue
- •Abdominal pain
- •Loss of appetite
- •Nausea and vomiting
- •Joint pain
- •Dark urine
- •Weakness and fatigue
- •Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
Diagnosis
Diagnosing hepatitis B requires a blood test to check for the presence of the hepatitis B virus. The blood test can also determine the level of liver enzymes, which can be elevated in people with hepatitis B. CDC now recommends universal screening at least once in a lifetime for all adults, and screening of pregnant women during every pregnancy.
Treatment
There is no cure for hepatitis B, but there are treatments available that can help manage the symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. Treatment options may include antiviral medications, which can help suppress the virus and reduce the risk of liver damage.
Prevention
The best way to prevent hepatitis B is to get vaccinated. The hepatitis B vaccine is a safe and effective way to protect against the virus. Also, it is important to practice safer sex, avoid sharing needles or syringes, and use caution when getting tattoos or body piercings.
Sources
- Written by Love Hurts, Inc. and Kecia Gaither, MD. on November 1, 2025
- CDC: “HBV Infection”
- Mayo Clinic: “Hepatitis B”
- WebMD: “Hepatitis B”
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