Trichomoniasis
Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
Trichomoniasis ( or “trich”) is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. It is a very common infection, with more than 2.6 million people infected in the United States in 2025 and an estimated 276 million new infections worldwide annually. Trich is more common in women than in men. Many people infected do not experience any symptoms. However, if you don’t get treatment, it can increase your chance of getting or spreading other STDs.
Symptoms
In men, symptoms may include:
- •Itching or irritation inside the penis
- •Discomfort with urination or sex
- •Discharge from the penis
In women, symptoms may include:
- •Itching, burning, redness or soreness of the genitals
- •Discomfort with urination or sex
- •Clear, white, yellowish or greenish vaginal discharge
Complications
- •Untreated trich can lead to more serious health complications. In women, the infection can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can damage the reproductive system and lead to infertility. Trich can also increase the risk of HIV infection and transmission.
- •Emerging studies in 2024 also suggest possible associations between trichomoniasis and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and low birth weight.
Treatment
Trich is typically treated with oral antibiotics, such as metronidazole or tinidazole. These medications are highly effective at clearing the infection and relieving symptoms. It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished. Sexual partners should also be treated to prevent reinfection.
Prevention
The best way to prevent trich is to practice safe sex. This includes using condoms or other barrier methods during sexual activity. People who are sexually active should also get regular STI screenings, including for trichomoniasis, to detect and treat any infections early.
Sources
- Written by Love Hurts, Inc. (Medically reviewed by Kecia Gaither, MD on November 5, 2025)
- CDC: “Trichomoniasis-- CDC Fact Sheet.”
- Mayo Clinic: “Chlamydia trachomatis.”
- WebMD: “Trichomoniasis (Trich)”
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